Peak – valley arbitrage: 
Applicable to high – consumption sites with peak – valley tariff differences, like large malls, factories, enterprises.
Delaying power distribution system expansion: 
For areas with insufficient original capacity, e.g., urban villages or old – town areas with undersized substation transformers.
Load curve smoothing: 
Suited for intermittent, seasonal, or temporary – load scenarios, such as charging stations and sports centers.
Emergency power supply: 
Applicable to sites with different load classes or for fire emergency power, like financial institutions, securities firms, malls, and factories.